Gospel Choir by Walter Hawkins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gospel Choir by Walter Hawkins - Essay Example Some way or another Walter Hawkins figured out how to consolidate being a mindful minister, an effective performer and a caring dad. He got two children from his marriage with Tramaine Hawkins. Despite the fact that their marriage was very short, they remained companions and connection disapproved of individuals. The collection arrangement â€Å"Love Alive† were extremely mainstream and their prosperity was developing with each next recorded hits. The crowd adored that Gospel vocalist for his counter tenor and it very well may be said that his voice was amazing to such an extent that it made him sound practically like a drama artist. The job of the Choir in Walter’s exhibitions can't be neglectedâ in light of the fact that some smooth surface was added to his singing.â The love of God, communicated in such capable way, made its work and conveyed the important message to his crowd . Individuals got quiet tuning in to his melodies as they were brimming with his vitali ty and love that was felt by individuals. It was not significant what dialects were comprehended by his audience members since language of adoration had consistently been comprehended by everybody. Walter Hawkins got numerous honors for his ability. Grammy Award (he was selected multiple times), Dove Awards and Stellar Awards are the most lofty among all of them.Walter was an uncommon man since he was the best in achieving each errand that he had begun. His fundamental commitment was his devotion to individuals, either to those ones who entered his life for long, or those ones who crossed it for some time. His singing vocation enhanced the entire melodic world with jazz extemporization associated.

Technology Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation Assessment - Research Paper Example To adjust IT or IM with the hierarchical technique in a social insurance is would call for deciding the destinations of the administration and to set the targets of the mechanical framework to push forward toward that path. In any social insurance unit, for the most part the undertaking for sorting out the necessary innovation of the unit is held under the Chief Information Officer (CIO). This individual is given the obligation to build up a total comprehension of the diverse clinical data frameworks, its administrative and the revealing prerequisites just as the utilization of this data in the vital arranging procedure and choice help. The CIO must go to all gatherings and must have close relationship with the kindred clinicians, the bookkeepers, and complete staff unit and in particular with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the concerned medicinal services association. The CIO needs to comprehend the administration structure in the association in an appropriate way which must b e better than some other representative as in light of the fact that he would be considered answerable for the concerned plans, its execution and the manageability of IM/IT frameworks. As has been found in numerous reports both the clinicians and the end clients for the most part need more just as quicker data. This has plainly become the most testing and squeezing requirement for the cutting edge social insurance innovation. A couple of years back the normal life expectancy of an individual used to be around 45 years old. As time passed by and more noteworthy enhancements were made in innovation, particularly in IT, there has been numerous upgrades in improving the nature of human services. As said by Mr. Thomas Goetz, the official supervisor of Wired and the writer of the new book, â€Å"The Decision Tree: Taking Control of Your Health in the New Era of Personalized Medicine† (Lohr, 2010) the potential upheaval saw in general wellbeing would be a direct result of upgrades in computerized

Compare and Contrast Two Short Stories From Different Time Periods Essay

Be that as it may, from a similar classification In this article I will analyze the pre twentieth Century content â€Å"The Black Cat† (1843) by Edgar Allen Poe and the post twentieth Century content â€Å"Hell’s Event† (1984) by Clive Barker the two of which are loathsomeness stories. Edgar Allen Poe was conceived in Boston, USA in 1809. He had a sibling, Henry, and a sister, Rosaline. In December of 1812 the kids were stranded and the family was separated. Henry remained in Baltimore with his grandparents. Edgar and Rosaline Poe were taken in by well off Richmond families, Rosaline by the Mackenzies and Edgar by the Allans. In 1827 before enrolling in the military Edgar composed his initial two sonnets known as â€Å"To Margaret† and â€Å"To Octavia†. By 1833 Edgar had started to compose stories and in 1835 he wedded his cousin, Virginia yet she kicked the bucket 12 years after the fact. On 7 October 1849 at about 4.30pm Poe kicked the bucket. The genuine reason for death at the generally youthful age of 40 has never been affirmed. Poe was covered in his grandfather’s part in the Westminster covering ground. For an amazing duration Poe had been exploited and exploited and I figure this may have affected a portion of his writings. Clive Barker was brought into the world close to Penny Lane, Liverpool in 1952. In the wake of going to junior school in that city, He entered Liverpool University to consider English writing and theory. At 21 years old he moved to London. There, he framed an auditorium organization to perform plays that he had composed, and worked in that medium all through his twenties as an essayist, an executive and an on-screen character. About himself, Clive composes: â€Å"My excitement as a craftsman is established in no specific medium, yet in the demonstration of imaging. My books, movies, drawings and plays, figured they may appear to be exceptionally unique in content, are as yet mapping out various pieces of a similar scene: in other words, the world between my ears, I am inspired to compose or paint by the pictures and scenes which emerge from my inner mind, without greeting, which appears after looking into it further to perform components of my more profound self. In contrast to Poe, Barker didn’t have a despondent adolescence and had a decent advanced degree and as he says above he utilizes contemplations structure his psyche to impact his experience instead of as maybe in Poes case, maybe genuine occasions. Hells occasion is about a race among Heaven and Hell to see which will be in power for the following hundred years, the contenders for Heaven don’t think about the significance of the race, they think it is simply one more race. There are four contenders for Heaven, Nick Loyer, Joel Jones, Frank McCloud and Lester Kinderman. The contender for Hell is Malcolm Voight in spite of the fact that he is really three individuals, he is one of three familiars from heck, the thought being that they all run a 33% of the race, Burgess is the familiars ace and he shows up a considerable amount in the story as does hellfire itself. Joel Jones is one of the primary characters in the story, as is Cameron, his mentor. Joel is executed towards the finish of the race and it would seem that Voight is going to win. Be that as it may, not long before the line he is taken over by Kinderman. The Black Cat is about a man who used to be a creature sweetheart and had an enormous assortment of pets including winged creatures, goldfish, a canine, bunnies, a little monkey and a heckled Pluto. Throughout the years the man developed cranky and touchy and swore and hit his better half, he ignored and not well utilized his pets all with the exception of Pluto. Be that as it may, as the man kicked consistently more awful he off abusing Pluto. In the long run the man balanced Pluto from a tree and on that night his home burned to the ground. The man endure and the morning after the fire returned to the destroyed house to discover a picture of a massive feline with a rope round its neck engraved on the divider. One night the man was sat flushed in a bar and he saw sat on a hogshead of gin a feline that looked simply like Pluto separated from a splotch of white covering some portion of its body. The man found that the animal had no proprietor thus took it home. The man before long beg an abhorring the feline as he had finished with Pluto. In the long run the man slaughters his better half while attempting to murder the feline and is gotten by the police. As I would like to think there are three primary heroes in Hells Event. Joel Jones is one of these three, Joel is a thoughtful character, and we are indicated that he is a thoughtful or great character from the earliest starting point of the story, toward the beginning of the race Joel is terrified in light of the fact that he has had awful dreams this quickly tells the peruser that Joel is a thoughtful character. On the off chance that Joel had been an unsympathetic character he would most likely not be frightened by a terrible dream! Joel is eccentric as he has a four leaf clover, which additionally shows the peruser that he is a decent character. Later in the story Voight considers Joel a â€Å"black bastard†, which builds the perusers enjoying of Joel and has the contrary impact on the character ‘Voight’. The Author causes us like Joel by causing us to feel thoughtful towards him along these lines. One more of the three characters is Cameron, Cameron is another ‘Good’ character, he is Joel’s mentor. It isn't evident from the principal page that Cameron is a decent character, on this page Cameron is reviling in light of the fact that he can’t get a sign on his radio, thus the peruser isn't sure whether Cameron is a pleasant character until the second page where he is ameliorating Joel yet soothing him in his own kind of non-thoughtful route for instance Cameron says â€Å"They love you, God knows why †they love you†. The third principle character in Hells Event is Burgess, even before you know his name you realize that Burgess is an at any rate an awful if not shrewd character, the main thing he says in light of Cameron saying, â€Å"What the damnation is going on† is â€Å"Precisely that Mr Cameron hellfire is going on†. This is a serious clever yet awful comment, additionally Burgess is wearing a goat skin coat which despite everything has the hooves and horns dangling from it, this underscores the way that Burgess is an awful and un-thoughtful character, a great character would be probably not going to wear this kind of coat. Clive Barker has attempted to make burgess all the more shocking by portraying the coat in detail, he says ‘He wore a coat clearly made of a few goat-skins. The hooves and the horns despite everything dangled from it. The blood on its hide was earthy colored and gummy.† On page forty-five part of the way through the story Burgess concedes that he works for damnation. The very reality that he works for hellfire will tell the peruser that he is a malevolent character. Despite the fact that Burgess is an underhanded character a portion of the things Barker composes, which Burgess says are very clever and amusing. Operating at a profit feline there are additionally three primary heroes The two felines and the man who recounts to the story, which is told in first individual though Hells Event is written in third individual. You never really learn of the keeps an eye on name, so with the end goal of this paper I will allude to him basically as ‘The man’. Additionally you never learn of the subsequent felines name thus I will allude to him as ‘The cat’. The man who recounts to the story is a decent character toward the start, yet supposedly on he gets all the more crotchety and rough until toward the finish of the story he is a fierce character. The story begins after it has finished, with the man who must be in jail, expounding on what has befallen him. It causes the peruser to feel sorry for him, he discloses to us that he is going to bite the dust tomorrow which causes us to feel sorry for him. He likewise composes, â€Å"My prompt intention is to put before the world, clearly, concisely, and without remark, a progression of minor family unit occasions. In their outcomes, these occasions have unnerved †have tormented †have obliterated me†. Poe causes the words to have more compassion by utilizing redundancy e.g., â€Å"have frightened †have tormented †have crushed me†, the words getting increasingly heartbreaking without fail. At that point the story appropriately begins, with the man depicting how he grew up adoring creatures and being delicate of heart, he portrays how he had loads of creatures, which he cherished this turns the peruser to imagining that the man is thoughtful and asking why he was going to be murdered toward the beginning of the story, which makes you need to peruse on. Supposedly on the man begins to get fierce towards his pets and in the long run murders them all, including Pluto his character gets increasingly brutal and Poe shows this by portraying how the man feels by then for example he says â€Å"The rage of an evil spirit immediately had me. I knew myself no more. My spirit appeared, without a moment's delay, to take its departure from my body.† There isn’t much that I can expound on the felines as they don’t really state anything, however Poe causes us to feel sorry for them, and thusly makes us loathe the man more by portraying in realistic detail how they are abused. For example he composes â€Å"I took from my petticoat pocket a pen-blade, opened it, got a handle on the poor mammoth by the throat, and purposely cut one of its eyes from the socket.† Barker likewise utilizes this procedure in hells occasion as I have composed previously. The main section of ‘Hells Event’ is written in the past tense, you can guess by the manner in which dates are referenced this is so. For example ‘Hell came up to the boulevards and squares of London that September, frigid from the profundities of the ninth circle’, it says ‘that September’ which implies, the September that has been. After that passage however the story goes into the current state, as though the occasions were going on now, for instance mike who is one of the race observers says â€Å"And what daily it is†. As though today is going on. The narrator is an omniscient storyteller, for example he realizes that Joel feels ‘sick in the pit of his stomach’ and that Cameron ‘smelt a fix’ when he saw Voight’s twofold. Utilizing an omniscient storyteller has points of interest since it empowers the essayist to clarify h

Free Essays on Bound for America

Headed for America By: Breana Ledesma Slaves persevered through numerous hardships during their catch and upon their constrained move to the Americas. Virginia and South Carolina were among the numerous provinces that brought slaves into their way of life and every day lives. In any case, slaves can be first followed back in the Americas to Mexico, where Africans were being imported in by the Spanish. The idea of a contractually obligated slave is the most punctual thought that connects to servitude. â€Å" The men who met up and found the autonomous United States, committed to opportunity and equity, either held slaves or were happy to clasp hands with the individuals who did.† (Morgan 1975) American Slavery, American Freedom set a pace of hatred yet called attention to that slave work was a central point in America’s opportunity. The main stirrings of racial disdain really happened between the pioneers and the Indians. British chaps in Jamestown would toss Indian kids into the water and shoot out their cerebrums. It is likewise presumed that the pioneers may have done likewise with French and Spanish kids. Sir John Hawkins brought slaves into the states. Sir John Hawkins made the directed known as the triangular section, it was a journey that took him to Africa to get the slaves, at that point on to the provinces to exchange the slaves for merchandise, and afterward to England to sell the products. Despite the fact that the English didn't take a functioning part i n the slave exchange until after 1650, it at that point became domina! nt in numerous territories. In 1745 a British author stated, â€Å" the slave exchange was the extraordinary column and support.† Virginians seemed to fear the slaves would attempt to leave their bondage for opportunity among the Indians. â€Å" In Virginia an ace had little motivation to treat his worker well so as to acquire a restoration of his administrations at the termination of his term: and a hireling had little motivation to buckle down so as to guarantee being rehired... Free Essays on Bound for America Free Essays on Bound for America Headed for America By: Breana Ledesma Slaves persevered through numerous hardships during their catch and upon their constrained move to the Americas. Virginia and South Carolina were among the numerous provinces that brought slaves into their way of life and every day lives. Be that as it may, slaves can be first followed back in the Americas to Mexico, where Africans were being imported in by the Spanish. The idea of a contractually obligated slave is the most punctual thought that connects to subjection. â€Å" The men who met up and found the autonomous United States, devoted to opportunity and fairness, either held slaves or were eager to clasp hands with the individuals who did.† (Morgan 1975) American Slavery, American Freedom set a pace of disdain yet called attention to that slave work was a main consideration in America’s opportunity. The primary stirrings of racial disdain really happened between the pilgrims and the Indians. British blokes in Jamestown would toss Indian youngsters into the water and shoot out their cerebrums. It is additionally speculated that the pioneers may have done likewise with French and Spanish youngsters. Sir John Hawkins brought slaves into the settlements. Sir John Hawkins made the directed known as the triangular section, it was a journey that took him to Africa to get the slaves, at that point on to the settlements to exchange the slaves for merchandise, and afterward to England to sell the products. Despite the fact that the Engli sh didn't take a functioning part in the slave exchange until after 1650, it at that point became domina! nt in numerous zones. In 1745 a British author stated, â€Å" the slave exchange was the incredible column and support.† Virginians seemed to fear the slaves would attempt to leave their subjugation for opportunity among the Indians. â€Å" In Virginia an ace had little motivation to treat his worker well so as to get a recharging of his administrations at the lapse of his term: and a hireling had little motivation to buckle down so as to guarantee being rehired...

Fall 2011 Applicant Facts Post #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2011 Applicant Facts Post #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Over the next few weeks I will flavor the blog with a few entries based on facts about our applicant pool for fall 2011.   I thought it might be nice for applicants to know more about the pool of applicants that they are a part of. I will start with some information on the citizenship of applicants.   It is hard to find a university with more international students than Columbia, and a graduate school more international than SIPA.   Columbia University ranks third in the United States in terms of international student enrollment and SIPA commonly enrolls students from more than 100 countries per year. This year applicants for our two-year programs hail from 97 different countries.   Also of note, not separated out are Permanent Residents.   Many Permanent Residents represent countries not counted in the 97 you see reflected below.

Gods Existence is Logically Necessary by Anselm - 2200 Words

God's Existence is Logically Necessary by Anselm (Essay Sample) Content: Philosophy and GodNameInstitutionPhilosophy and GodAbstractThe issue whether God really exist or it is just an imagination created in minds of people has been debated for centuries. Many scientists and philosophers believe that God does not exist. They have challenged believers to scientifically or logically prove that God really exists. Ontological arguments have been put in place by theology philosophers with the aim of proving, logically and scientifically, the existence of God. Philosophers such as Anselm and Aquinas have put across some logical arguments to prove that God really exists. On the other hand, some atheists such as Bertrand Russell have argued that God does not exist; that the idea of God was just created by people to create fear among us and to make us believe that there is someone superior watching over us. The aim of this paper is to analyse these arguments critically. According to the writer, the existence of God is a matter of faith, and the ende avour by some people to logically and scientifically approve or reject His existence is futile.Gods Existence is Logically Necessary by AnselmIn his ontological argument, St. Anselm of Canterbury used philosophical equations to prove that God really exists and that his existence is necessary. Anselm was the first theological philosopher who attempted to reason logically with the existence of God. He was able to convince people with statements which looked like logical equations. In my point of view, I believe that his argument does not hold any water; in other words, I disagree with his conclusions.His basis of the argument was that God is one greatest being that can ever be conceived. The greatness of God, he argues, is one fact that everybody can always comprehend. Even the fools can acknowledge the greatness of God. Anselm was not trying to prove that God exists, but rather he was just working on his meditation. He believes that if everybody including the fool appreciates the kno wledge of God's greatness, then the idea of Gods existence is in our mind. He, however, says that the greatest being is that who exists both in our minds and in reality. That means that if God only exists in our mind, then there has to be another being which is greater than God. But remember, God is the greatest being conceivable (Miller, 2015).The summary of chapter two of his book is as follows. There is one superior being, greater than any other being in existence, and this is God. The greatness of God is one thing that everybody acknowledges. The point, therefore, remains that there is nothing superior to God. Secondly, the fact that everybody believes that God is the greatest of all being means that it exists in their minds. However, there is something greater than what exists in our minds, and that is what exists both in our minds and in reality. This means that there is something greater than God. But remember, there is nothing superior to God, and therefore God is both in ou r mind and reality. So, God is real ; hence, God exists (Miller, 2015).I will counteract his statement in a very simple way. Let us take an example of number infinity. Infinity s a number that does not actually exist in reality as it disobeys most of the arithmetic rules and logic. In other words, Infinity is an imaginary number which really does not exist. So let us use the steps and logics of Anselm to evaluate the existence of the number infinity. Infinity is one number that everybody believes that is the greatest number in existence. According to Anselm, anything that everybody conceives to be greatest must always be in their mind. So far this is true, and that is the reason why everybody believes that Infinity is the greatest number available. Anselm also believes anything which is greatest must always exist both in our minds and reality. The question here is, now that Infinity is the greatest number perceivable, does it really exist in real life? The answer is NO.Let us also give an example of Vampires. They are the scariest, evillest, bloodsucking creatures we can ever imagine. This, therefore, means that the notion of vampires is always in our mind. But remember that St. Anselm wants to convince us that the most extreme thing must always be both in our mind and reality. In other words, when we follow his arguments, then vampires both exist in our imagination and reality. But we all know that vampires are always just imagination. This, therefore, means that not every greatest or supreme or worst thing must always exist both in our imagination and in reality. This is the basis of Anselms argument, hence making his argument null and void. Dont get me wrong; I am not contradicting the existence of God by any means, I am just saying that Anselms argument for his existence is quite non-convincing. I believe that there can always be other better ontological theories that can best describe the existence of God.Five Proofs for the Existence of God by AquinasS t. Thomas Aquinas tried to supply the real evidence by providing five tests that should make anybody believe that God exists. In his book, Five Proofs for the Existence of God, Aquinas endeavours to explain the existence of God by referring to the originality of events. According to him, for an existence of any event or anything, there has to be a brainchild or the starter of these events, and the starter is who we refer to as God. Aquinas so called proofs are full of logical loopholes and inconsistencies that make me reject his argument. This does not mean that I do not believe in the existence of God, I just dont believe in inconsistent statements called proofs.Aquinas proofs were divided into five different ways:Way I: We can always prove that things are always moving in this world. The only way anything can move is only when something which was at rest was moved by something which was in motion. This, therefore, means that there has to be a mover of everything and that the mover must be moved by something. We cant assume that this sequence started from infinity because infinity does not exist in the first place. Therefore, there has to be the first mover, and this is God (Kenny, 2014).Way II: Aquinas believes that there is nothing that always creates itself. There must always be an ultimate creator. And that creator is God.Way III: Something must have caused the existence of a contingent being. This something or someone must have been definite to enable it to cause contingent beings. This definite being is whom we call God.Way IV: Things can be categorised in that on becomes better than the other. In this world of comparison, there must always be something which will better than everything else. This best thing is the one we call God.Way V: Nature behaves in a way that they are directed towards a given direction. However, most of the natural things do not have the brains to direct themselves towards those goals. There has to be one being that directs them, and that is God.Most of these rules may seem convincing, but the truth is that they are not consistent. Take, for example, the first way. Aquinas tries to convince us that the first mover is God. What he doesnt tell us is what motivates God to start moving things. This theory tries to convince us that God has always been moving from the beginning of time or maybe he has never moved. But again if He has never moved, he cannot cause any movement. This begs the question, what caused the movement of God? This, therefore, means that Aquinas Cosmological Arguments were both inconclusive and inconsistent.We can also approach this argument in the perspective of science. Aquinas based its case on Aristotles theory that a bodys natural state is always at rest. This theory was later rendered redundant by Isaac Newton when he came up with the Laws of Motion. Isaacs first law of motion states that a body will always continue to be at rest or will always move with a constant velocity until it is acted upon by an external force. This, therefore, means that it is normal for a body always to move as it is okay for it to stay at rest without the need for any starter.Why I am Not a Christian by Bertrand RussellBertrand Russells lecture Why I Am Not a Christian is one point of argument which has been used by atheists to &ld...

Essay about The Reasons Hitler Became Chancellor - 811 Words

The Reasons Hitler Became Chancellor After over ten years of trying, in 1933 Hitler and the Nazis had almost fulfilled their goal to hold all power in Germany. The Nazis were by far the most powerful party in the Reichstag holding the most seats, and Hitler being made Chancellor, but it wasnt that simple, in fact it was very complicated. There were several big contributors to Hitler becoming Chancellor. The Great Depression, one the worst times for Germany, and countries across the world. Germany was the worst hit country because America had to recall its big loans it had given Germany as they could no longer afford it, this meant Germany could not afford to reparations to the allies.†¦show more content†¦This gave the Nazis ideas to base their propaganda around the Weimars weaknesses, which proved to be very popular with the working class and unemployed. The Nazi tactics was one of their strong points that proved to become very successful, although they had a very radical change after the Munich Putsch. Hitler decided they were going to win fair and square through voting instead of using force. Their main tactic was to end democracy and have one strong dictator, Hitler. They had tried democracy and it had failed. They may have gone from using force to voting into power, but that still used intimidation to put fear into people to scare people into supporting the Nazis, they acted like bullies. They tried to cause as much chaos as possible without making it obvious it was them because chaos caused democracy to fail. The Nazis tactics were to try and make it as obvious as they could they were carrying out their propaganda to try and deceive people they were honest and true, and won more votes through this. Hitler was dedicated to careful planning of his tactics to make sure everything would work, so the more power the Nazis had, the more chance Hitler stood becoming Chancellor and one step closer to ruling Germany. The Nazi ideas were often fanatical and eccentric, usually affecting a lot of people. The strongest idea was most likely to be the strong hatred they had forShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of the Great Depression on Hitlers Power Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesDepression on Hitlers Power There is no simple answer as to why Hitler became chancellor in January 1933. There are a number of causal factors which all contributed to his rise into power. Any of the factors, on its own, however, would not have resulted in his appointment. They are all linked in a web of causation and if any of the factors were missing, Hitler would not have been appointed chancellor. 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The most important reason as to why Hitler was appointed chancellor was because of the attitude of the elite as they would be the one deciding who to be chancellor, without their support Hitler wouldn’tRead Moreâ€Å"Hitler Became Chancellor in January 1933 Because He Was the Leader of the Most Popular Party in Germany† – How Far Do You Agree with This Opinion.936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hitler became chancellor in January 1933 because he was the leader of the most popular party in Germany† – How far do you agree with this opinion. Hitler did not become chancellor in January 1933 because he was the leader of the most popular party in Germany, it was however to do with the support of the elite that made him Chancellor. There were other factors also such as the decline of the Weimar Republic and the economy but it was mainly to do with the conservatives. 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There was the growing unpopularity of the Weimar Republic, the federal republic established in 1919. At the same time, Hitler and his political party, the ‘Deutsche Arbeiterpartei’, commonly referred to as the Nazis (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) became more and more popular under the rule of their leader, Adolf Hitler. This rise to popularity was the effect of Hitler’s

Essay on Violent Video Games Dangerous Entertainment

Violent Video Games: Dangerous Entertainment Since the beginning of organized society, entertainment has always been an aspect closely tied with human nature. From the times of ancient empires, such as the Romans and Greeks, humans have used entertainment as an outlet to escape the harsh reality of everyday life. Although in those times, entertainment was considered duels to the death with animals and other humans opposed to the censored reality shows and formulaic movies we have today. However, there isn’t much difference between the mortal combat that was exercised in ancient times, and the mortal combat that trickles down into today’s censored forms of television, music, and especially video games. Video games have progressed†¦show more content†¦It is likely that violent video games have a negative psychological impact on its players, because it exposes them to fantasy like environments that do not show the repercussions of violent actions. The mind of a child is fragile, and any little exposure to violence at a young age could cause corruption with negative results. The mind of a young adult is far more developed, but can still be pushed the wrong way through exposure to negative imagery. Take for example the tragedy that happened at Littleton High School in Columbine, Colorado. Two teenagers, Eric Harris and Bryan Klebold, acted out a video game they had created, which was a modified version the video game â€Å"Doom.† In the game, a player goes around using various high powered weapons ranging from pistols to rocket launchers, to defend the earth from the denizens of hell. In Harris and Klebold’s modified version of the game, the player goes around killing monsters which were replaced with pictures of athletes in their school, who were unable to fight back within the game. On April 20, 1999, the two boys acted out their version of â€Å"Doom† by bringing various guns and explosives to schoo l and murdering 13 students. 23 other students were injured as well, before the two boysShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Video Games1342 Words   |  6 PagesPlaying video games has become a popular activity for people of all ages (Cunningham). Video games have become very sophisticated and realistic. Video games are dangerous for children and teenagers, when video games were first made available to consumers and brought into homes it was to serve the purpose of entertainment. Video games could be dangerous but they could also be very educational. This research paper will explore the history, controversial aspect, people involved and possibleRead MoreNegatives of Television and Video Games728 Words   |  3 PagesWith television and video games entering a whole new level of popularity in the 2000s, serious and necessary questions need to be answered regarding the negative aspects of these new technologies. The technologies have perhaps caught people in such bewilderment and dazzle that the negatives have been given a blind-eye. The positives no doubt are countless, however whether they outweigh the negatives or not is another question. Nowadays, with TV programs becoming many and TV channels and digitalRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Aggression in Violent Video Games Cause Aggression in Children and Should Be Regulated1316 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have become such a huge popular form of media as they are enjoyed by every people from all age. They can be seen as indispensable sources of entertainment for kids and teenagers, serve as the relaxing and joyful time after working hard. However, why does video game become such a controversial thing and why have many scholars begun to study both the negative and positive side of video games, especially violent video games? After a long time of studying overall the controversy, many scholarsRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesconsist of indulging themselves with some form of an activity that occupies their restless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh be haviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. TheRead MoreViolent Video Games Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å" Video game violence has become a highly politicized issue for scientists and the general public † ( Ferguson, 2007 p309). The video game is always controversial as some of them contain sexual and violence and so on. Especially some violence games were played by the adolescents. Adolescents are very fragility. Violent video games are negative for the children which will impact their social relationship, their health and make them has aggressive behavior. First violent video games will impactRead MoreAlice And The Video Games1330 Words   |  6 PagesAlice and the Video Games Alice, an ignorant little girl from Alice and the Wonderland tumbled down the rabbit hole into a world of meaninglessness (IMDb); today, proponents of banning violent video games are following Alice, stumbling over themselves into a pitfall of a lack of substantial evidence and reasoning. An exemplary example of such a proponent is Eric Roberts, the uncredentialed author of the article â€Å"Violent Video Games Produce Violent Behavior in Our Nation’s Youth and ShouldRead MoreIt s More Than A Game1258 Words   |  6 PagesMore Than a Game A young man who had grown up in the horrors of Burundi’s civil war, had been warned of the dangers that exist in America. As he sat in his dorm room, all he could hear were constant gunshots, he looked outside but there was nothing to be found. He did whatever he could to block out the sounds of gunshots because it â€Å"brought back images from his home village in Burundi† (Irankunda). At dinnertime, his next-door neighbor explained that the gunshots were from a video game that he wasRead MoreThe Culture Of Media Violence Negatively Affecting Our Youth?1371 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescent violence and computers and video games. Many social psychologists like, Brad Bushman at Ohio State University, have conduct experiments concluding that violent video games influence youth to become desensitized towards violence in reality, compared to students playing non-violent video games (Vedantam, 2011). On the contrary, studies based on the self-determination theory (a psycholo gical study behind human motivation) found players of violent games to gain prosocial effects of delightRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 Pagesenjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influencing their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence can occur as an undesirable result of letting their children utilize these games to spend

Our Home On Native Land Indian Treaty Rights Essay

Event Paper: Our Home on Native Land: Indian Treaty Rights in Canada and the US† The lecture covered the basis on Indians’ treaties, the government, and how both (the treaties and government) clashed with the Native’s culture. The guest speaker was Gillian Allen, a lawyer, who worked on First Nations treaty-related affairs in Canada and an Aboriginal. She presented a lecture on Indian Treaty Rights in Canada and the U.S. During the lecture, I learned interesting information about the Natives and recognized some aspects of cognitive psychology. The aspects of cognitive psychology that were present were priming, categories of knowledge, and surface features/deep structure. The first aspect of cognitive psychology that were present in the lecture was priming. In the book, priming is the presentation of one stimulus change the way a person responds to another stimulus. Priming can occur through verbal and nonverbal communication. Especially because Canada’s aboriginal languages have specific words, pictures, and symbols for concepts that Canada and American languages does not. For example, their language includes many specific meaning for their birth names. Their native name (stimulus) shape their identity (another stimulus). After the event, I asked Allen what were situations that the government intervened with the natives that affected them negatively. She told me about the tens of thousands of indigenous people who as children ripped from their families and homeland andShow MoreRelatedNative Americans : Past And Present Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesNative Americans : Past and Present Under the advisement of President Andrew Jackson, the United States of America was looking to stretch its borders west, past Mississippi and further to the South. Of the many events that took place to obtain this goal, the United States is claimed to have committed a great genocide of the Native American people who lived in the area they wished to own. This wrong doing to the people who were here before the colonist of the United States has continued into theRead MoreThe Road Of The Trail Of Tears1334 Words   |  6 Pages I feel that the American policy of Indian removal and relocation was extremely unethical and unjustified in its motives and execution. Before Europeans arrived in present-day America, the Native Americans were living on millions of acres of land their ancestors had occupied and cultivated. Many Native Americans were initially somewhat willing to share land with original settlers. However, when settlers began taking land that already belonged to the Natives, hostilities began to arise. SettlersRead MoreNative Americans And The Beginning Of Our Nation1212 Words   |  5 Pages In school when I was younger, Native Americans were portrayed in the history textbooks in a negative manner. After returning to school, it’s nice to see that textbooks are making a great effort to get it right. But after reading our textbook and studying about everything the Native Americans had to go through, at the beginning of our nation. I think their deaths were the results of a broken heart, along with diseases. Which were brought from settlers to North America, including measles, scarletRead MoreEssay on The Cherokee Trail of Te ars1035 Words   |  5 PagesWorld came a whole lot of new problems. Native American Indians lived in peace and harmony until European explorers interrupted that bliss with the quest for money and power. The European explorers brought with them more people. These people and their descendants starting pushing the natives out of their homes, out of their land, far before the 1800s. However, in the 1800s, the driving force behind the removal of the natives intensified. Thousands of indians during this time were moved along the trailRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfor more land for Americans - they wanted to expand westward and build new farmlands. The idea was spread that the best way to do this was to take the land from the Native Americans. Throughout his presidency, Jackson â€Å"pursued a policy of removing Indian tribes from their ancestral homes† (The Trail of Tears). In 1830, he accomplished this by establishing the Indian Removal Act whic h gave him power to â€Å"negotiate removal treaties with Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi† (Indian Removal)Read MoreThe Fight For Native American Rights1573 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2015 The Fight for Native American Rights and the Restoration of Native American Culture For longer than we care to admit, as European Americans, racism has been a significant and controversial part of our identity. Every race and culture new to the United States has experienced unique stereotypes and discrimination, and although these issues have for the large part been amended, racism and racist tendencies have yet to be completely eradicated from our nature. The most prevalent inRead MoreThe Greatest Danger Of American Freedom1210 Words   |  5 PagesJefferson. Since the first contact with the Europeans, native peoples in the U.S have been battling with powerful government bodies and have repeatedly lost. Looking back to even before the founding of the Union, native populations have went to war against the progressive, overpowering and belittling nature of the government and have walked away with disease, famine and useless treaties. It is these bitter roots that have affected the native nations in the U.S even today. Battle scars of decadesRead MoreAndrew Jackso n Was A War Hero Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageswas this idea which made him a forceful proponent of Indian removal. And what followed was the most brutal period in American History. In early 19th century, in order to grow the cotton industry, white farm owners pressurized the government to encroach towards the south to incorporate more farm fields for increased plantation. The only barrier in their route was Native American tribes that settled the south eastern region. This land was home to the so called five civilized tribes Cherokee, CreekRead MoreHistory: The Indian Removal Act Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of land growing, not everyone was welcomed with open arms. With the expansion of the country, the white Americans decided that they needed the Natives out. There were several motives for the removal of the Indians from their lands, to include racism and land lust. Since they first arrived, the white Americans hadn’t been too fond of the Native Americans. They were thought to be highly uncivilized and they had to go. In his letter to Congress addressing the removal of the Indian tribes, PresidentRead MoreAmerican Environmental History : The Great Sioux Nation1384 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Sioux Nation Among the great native tribes that called the Americas their home, none are as iconic in American culture than the Native Americans of the great plains. Among these tribes, there arose the Great Sioux Nation, one of the largest and most powerful of them all. They seem to have had a deep connection with and have held a gentle balance with nature that few cultures throughout human history have seemed to match; yet, history has shown that Native Americans didn’t quite have the same

A Modern Artist From Norway - 1623 Words

Edvard Munch, a modern artist from Norway, born in Là ¸ten in Hedmark on 12 December 1863. He grew up in a family of seven, with four other siblings, a mother and father characteristics of a happy family but instead turn out to be quite the opposite. As a child he suffered from chronic asthmatic bronchitis and rheumatic fever debilitating most of his childhood. Surrounded by death, Munch witnessed the passing of most of his family. One by one his mother, sister, and even Munch himself suffered from Tuberculosis, however, he would be the only one to survive it. Tragedy did not stop there his only brother would ultimately be taken, from Munch, at the age of 30 from pneumonia. Death was a common theme in his work because he lived through so†¦show more content†¦Munch would always be reminded of his family’s death, their torment followed his shadow and further encroached on his mind the more time went on. Various styles, motifs, and paintings from artists such as Claude Monet and Eugà ¨ne Carrià ¨re inspired his work. However, Carrià ¨re’s Sick Child, 1885 would be a pivoting point in influencing his own painting of the same name. One of Munch’s first work that showed his notorious style can be seen in The Sick Child, 1886 painting just a year after Carrià ¨re’s. His painting depicts his sister Sophie bedridden from Tuberculosis and his mother mourning beside her waiting for her to pass. He paints in a very melancholy tone and the color gives the viewer the impression of sickness and sorrow. He expresses his feelings years later describing how â€Å"‘few have ever experienced the full grief of their subject as I did in The Sick Child.’†(qtd. in Prideaux 85-86). Munch’s painterly style allows us to feel the anguish and pain he must have felt while painting The Sick Child. His process is also rather significant compared to the end product itself and provides clear insight into his emotional state whilst he painted. Munch not only painted with a brush but he chose to also use a palette knife for this particular painting to show the marks of visible misery, which can be seen with the scratchy and unfinished texture. What is even more interesting is his use of layers. His determination in layering his painting over and over for aShow MoreRelatedDilemmas Facing the People of Norway Today Essay examples1728 Words   |  7 PagesNorway is a country with a long and interesting history. They are the descendants of Vikings. They managed to survive being occupied by Germans in World War II, even fighting back as well as they could. Now they are dealing with the same issues that many countries are dealing with, how to interact with the rest of the world in this new age of global connectivity. They are trying to find the balance between progress and trying to maintain their cultural uniqueness. In this increasingly technologicallyRead MoreEssay on Edvard Munch1542 Words   |  7 Pagesopinion of what sho uld be accepted by the masses. Expressionism is the art of the emotive, the art of tension provoked by consciousness of the forces which surround modern humankind. Challenging the academic traditions of the previous centuries, Edvard Munch impacted the art world as an instrumental leader in the development of modern German expressionism. His painting The Scream has made its mark in questioning the ideals of what is acceptable concerning the history of art. The paper will discussRead MoreThe s Influence On The World s Music Today1282 Words   |  6 PagesThough Norway has a small population of only 5.3 million inhabitants, its musical culture is just as rich as many other countries. From classical and folk, to blues, country, electronic, hip hop, pop, rock, and metal, Norway’s traditions contribute to all of them. Although Scandinavia is often overlooked, it has a strong influence on all of the world’s music today. Archaeological digs have shed light on some unknown h istory of Norwegian music by revealing artifacts including instruments such as theRead MoreYou may have seen Edvard Munch’s painting, The Scream, without knowing it as it has been featured1100 Words   |  5 Pages presumably applicable to all modern humans†(here you should have the author of this quote and the page number ie. (Reynolds, 30) like that). This series was Munch’s favorite subject as it touched on the topics of Love, Anxiety and Death. (Throughout Edvard’s life events you can see why he was so passionate about these topics.) These three topics had a big impact in his life, and as a result were very influential in his paintings. Edvard Munch was born in Norway in 1863, to Christian Munch andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Edvard Munch 1052 Words   |  5 PagesEdvard Munch is an artist that has been traumatized and haunted by death throughout his entire life. His works of art are both terrifying and mesmerizing. In the film Edvard Munch, director Peter Watkins does an excellent job at showing the life of Munch as if it was Munch telling his life. The film is a mixture of documentary and a drama about Munch’s life, and how his torments were reflected in his art. The film has a very grey and cold tone throughout its run. It definitely helps set the moodRead MoreLeonardo da Vinci: An Introduction708 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Leonardo da Vinci Introduction Leonardo da Vinci is among the most well known artists, designers, engineers and innovators in the history of the world. He may in fact be the most revered and studied artist / inventor of all time, due to his creative genius and his knack for originality in thinking and design. This paper reviews the impact that Leonardo has had on civilization since his remarkable career ended upon his death in 1519. Leonardos Legacy Leonardos birth (1452) came just twoRead MoreMy Favorite Music961 Words   |  4 Pages There are different people who prefer different genres of music. Usually the consideration comes from the musical style, specific beat, lyrics, as well as the sound overall. People may be in differential to the music. However, there is always a preference in a particular genre to listen. Different groups of people enjoy different songs. There is a major chance that the person preference for any specific types of music among the other may be influenced by the ethnic, age, family, gender, peerRead MoreHow Did Edvard Munch Attempt to Visualize Intense Emotion in his Paintings?1049 Words   |  5 PagesEdvard Munch attempt to visualize intense emotion in his paintings? Discuss in relation to particular paintings. Edvard Munch is a highly influential artist, pioneering many of the ideas that informed the German Expressionist movement. The crux of his work is in the reflection the death, grief and emotion of his own experiences. Drawing from his own tortured upbringing, with the death of his father, brother and sister, as well as his own mental and physical illnesses. There are several ways inRead More case study Leonardo Bridge Project Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages but 300 years civilization finally embraced the engineering principle - arches as supports - underlying the construction. 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Ap World Midterm Study Guide Free Essays

1. Hinduism- Caste System, Enlightenment, no holy book, no single founder, India, polytheistic, Buddhism- India, no caste system, egalitarian, Siddhartha Gautama, missionaries, Nirvana, Eight fold path, four noble truths, Enlightenment Christianity-Monotheistic, Jesus, Bible, Jerusalem, Missionaries, Heaven and Hell 2. Domestication of Animals, Complex societies, Specialization, Cities, Government, Religion, Record Keeping, Social Classes, Technology 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World Midterm Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Located near rivers, Agriculture, irrigation, Rulers, social hierarchy, 4. Development of Agriculture and Domestication 5. Democracy, Representative, voting, Senate, ruler 6. Buddhism- Zen Buddhism, Filial Piety, Hinduism-not syncretic Christianity-Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Lutheran 7. Size, Bureaucracies, Emphasis on Family, Roads, Religions, Han-Confucianism, Rome-Christianity, 8. Nomadic, Clans, Wars over oasis, no central religion, Chiefs of clans, 9. Pray every day towards Mecca, Alms giving, Hajj to Mecca, fasting, Declaration of Faith 10. In Arabian peninsula spread through trade and missionaries, contagious 11. Sense of Unity, peace among the clans, sacred texts were stored 12. Housewives 13. Each invasion caused the capital to move north 14. LEFT BLANK 15. LEFT BLANK 16. Missionaries 17. Started to decline 18. Many were animistic, salt as a substitute for gold 19. Christian, rich due to slaves 20. United the people 21. Arabian Peninsula, Red or Black sea, 22. Barter 23. Major trade routes influenced Kiev Russia 24. Structures, law codes, bureaucracy 25. Patriarch held power, rituals, priest celibacy, orthodox priests could marry, excommunication each other in 1054 26. Similar to china, emperor ordained by god, head of church and state, practiced lay investiture, women eld imperial throne (exe Empress Theodora and Zoe), byzantine bureaucrats recruited from all classes, recruited troops, empire depended on Constantinople 27. Lost land, economic decline, Constantinople fell 28. Social examination, formal 29. Used to regain the holy land, last crusade sacked Constantinople, pope ordered it, increase of trade, established religious capital 30. Lords and vassals, serfs, relied on agriculture, fiefs, 3 field system, technology advancements 31. Religious Leaders- Pope, Bishops, Priests, Pope Urban II, Gregory IV, Literary Leaders- Chaucer, Machiavelli, Thomas Aquinas Philosophical Leaders- Saint Clare, Saint Francis 32. Trade increase, manufacturing, territorial gain, 33. both had slaves, West Africa relied on Hunting and gathering, South America had agriculture, 34. Disease, gunpowder 35. Peasants, kings 36. Wars, trade, military 37. Indians, hunter gatherer 38. Aztecs conquered the toltecs 39. Anti-Buddhist, rejected 40. Status of women decreased 41. Unification by Wendi, ended famine, lowered taxes, Yang Di overworked peasants 42. Better examination system, paper money, plow, grand canal, junk ships 43. Male dominance, revival of Confucianism 4. Both had a bureaucracy and examination exam, Chinese had a dynastic succession, Europeans had a fight for power, in china empresses are possible, 45. Peasants reduced to serfdom, over worked, 46. Yi, Koryo, Silla 47. Manorial System, everyone had an important society, 48. Military Elites eventually became part of the imperial court 49. Dynasties, all modeled after Chinese except for Vietnam 50. Women w ere almost equal to men, herded a lot, warlike 51. Golden Horde-affected Russia Empire of Kublai Khan-China Ilkhan- Persia Djagatai –central Asia 52. Mongols cut Russia off, inhibited culture and technology, Mongols destroyed the Islamic heartland 53. Tumens 1k cavalries 54. Harsh, no prosperity, short-lived, smaller conquests 55. Clothing, Arabians spread religion to Indians, Arabs spread technology to Europe, Europeans wanted to trade with India 56. Peasant uprisings, high taxes, abuse of power, Mongol threat, economic decline 57. Increase trade, conquest, Portuguese freed Ethiopians from Islam 58. Increased influence through the arts, Enlightenment, Literature by Machiavelli and others 59. Disease, slave trade, fall of many civilizations 60. Technology, Animals, Leadership, Conquest 61. World Trade, Slaves 62. Decreased population, Inflation, Competition 63. Guns, Boats, Technology 64. Core Area-main area of power in country, Dependent Zone- are dependent on core areas 65. Australia, 66. God doesn’t influence life, people control their own life 67. Based on scientific findings, god wasn’t involved 68. Against sacraments, against priest celibacy, protested against the Catholics, 30 years war, more conflicts, 69. Sell more than you buy, everyone tried to sell their wares 70. Louis the XIV suppressed the nobility, gained all the power, spread around 71. Russia had a smaller economy, Russia was technologically limited, Russia was bigger, exerted more power 72. Tsar suppressed the local nobility 73. Westernization, too much imports, not enough exports 74. Brutal, overworked, not advanced in technology, 75. Serfdom in Russia, Slaves in Western Europe, absolute monarchies in both 76. Militaristic, White, strong leadership, imperialistic 77. Discovery of gold and silver, inflation 78. Plantations, slaves, 79. Imaginary North to South line, separates Spanish and Portuguese colonies 80. Based on plantations, silver mining, slave trade 1. Replaceable, easy to attain, cheap, complimentary industries flourished 82. Gun slave trade, internal strife, dominance, War for slaves 83. Set up ports, applied own rules, controlled coast, supplied arms, 84. Common sense 85. Decrease in males, increase in polygamy, decrease in labor 86. Powerful, lots of land, Good government, 87. A bigot, 88. Internal strife, Isma’il took power 89. Under safavids treated poorly, under the ottomans treated well 90. Cared less about the dynasties progress and more over the arts, 91. Difference-religion, Similarity- education and learning, How to cite Ap World Midterm Study Guide, Papers

Absolute Vs New Monarchs Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Absolute Vs. New Monarchs Essay, Research Paper Absolute vs. New Monarchs Monarchy was non at all a new establishment in the 15th, 16th, or 17th centuries. It wasn? t even really different with regard to the ends that prevailed in each monarchy. However, the differences between the New and Absolute Monarchy come in the manner of the methods, theories, and conditions prevalent throughout the different monarchal reigns. The chief end of new and absolute monarchies was the centralize the province. War, civil war, category war, feudal rebellion, and banditry afflicted a good trade of Europe in the center of the 15th century. Assorted swayers now tried to enforce a sort of civil peace. They therefore laid the foundations for the national provinces. Similarly, in the early portion of the seventeenth century, wars refering now to faith and dynasty had a profound impact upon the western European provinces. As military disbursement increased, monarchs realized the importance uniting their province possessed. The difference between the two monarchies? program for a centralised province was the method in which both were carried out. In the clip of the New Monarchies, faith was built-in to uniting the province. Monarchs such as Isabella of Castile tried to unite their states as a consequence of spiritual purification. Isabella believed steadfastly that a stable Spain would merely stem from a Catholic Spain. As a consequence, the reconquista was initiated and unification took topographic point around the church. The sovereign insisted on spiritual conformance. In add-on, parliamentary establishments were ignored or even sometimes abolished in order to centralise and convey peace to the province. Town, the mark of sovereign for support, were willing to allow parliaments be dominated by the male monarch, for parliaments proved frequently to be fastnesss of # 8220 ; boisterous barons # 8221 ; , or had accentuated the category struggles. In France, for illustration, the Estates General of Fran ce met merely one time under Louis XI. After which, the commission requested the male monarch to regulate without them in the hereafter, retrieving the lawlessness of the yesteryear. The power of the sovereign was thought to be derived from the people during this clip period and so the in-between category became of import in back uping the sovereign. Because of this, aristocracy, which was a menace to the power of the sovereign, was ever tried to be kept under control through assorted reforms such as the # 8220 ; livery and care # 8221 ; Torahs passed by Henry VII. Armies were besides built up by the sovereign as a manner to increase his ain power and centralise the province. Besides, during this epoch, the focal point was on faith and dynastic edifice while in the ulterior monarchies, commercialism and province edifice became the precedences. During the Absolute Monarch epoch, nevertheless, centralising the province became more secular. After the spiritual wars, faith was non the focal point of authoritiess. Paradoxically, nevertheless, the absolute sovereign derived their power from the Godhead right theory. This theory held that the establishment of monarchy had been created by God and that the sovereign functioned as God? s representative on Earth. This thought of Godhead right was noncontroversial. Many writers during the clip period addressed this theory as indisputably true. Jean Bodin, for illustration, called the male monarch # 8220 ; God? s image on Earth # 8221 ; . Louis XIV of France even called himself the # 8220 ; Sun King # 8221 ; . Surprisingly, the regulation of the sovereign was non arbitrary. Kings were bound by a higher jurisprudence and were judged by God which meant that they could non strip their topics of their lives, autonomies, or belongings without due cause established by jurisprudence. This Godhead right belief helped centralise the province because the people believed in the sovereign and were non tempted to oppose him. In add-on, provinces were farther centralized through bureaucratism and the royal tribunal. Whereas, in the epoch of New Monarchs, parliaments were shunned and sovereigns were the exclusive bearers of power, in the epoch of Absolute Monarchs, Courtiers and the legal system were critical to the well being of the province and the sovereign. The daily personal businesss of the authorities had grown beyond the capacity of any sovereign to manage them. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Gallic tribunal of Francis I employed 622 officers while at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the tribunal of Henry IV employed over 1500. Royal councils, a little group of taking officers who advised the sovereign on province concern, grew in significance. However, the tribunal still revolved around the sovereign. Courtiers such as Cardinal Richelieu of France, Count-Duke Olivares of Spain, and duke of Buckingham of England, all became the 2nd most of import people in their states. Taxs were besides critical to centralising the province. One-half of all province gross was used to finance national ground forcess and naval forcess for defence. In France, the taille and paulette were used as the chief revenue enhancement beginnings. By administrating justness, piecing ground forcess, and pull outing resources through revenue enhancement, the sovereign ruled every bit go od as governed. The richer the male monarch and the more powerful, the more powerful his province. The truth of this is seen in the â€Å"Grand Monarque† of France. Versailles was the prototype of this epoch? s amplification. Everything in the castle was awe-inspiring. 1400 fountains adorned the gardens entirely and the castle was constructed chiefly of marble and cherished metals. The grandiose manner of the swayer stood placeholder for the wealth and glorification of the state. Great show bespoke great pride, and great pride was translated into great national strength. As a consequence of this heightened pride in their sovereign and provinces, Europeans began to place themselves as citizens of a state and to see themselves in differentiation to other states. Whereas in the early 16th century, monarchs treated their provinces and their topics as personal belongings, and were praised for their virtuousness, wisdom, or strength, by the seventeenth century, swayers embodied the ir state, and no affair what their personal features, they were held in awe merely because they were sovereigns. One thing the two monarchies held in common was the thrust for hegemony, a political state of affairs in which one province might subordinate all others to its will. During the new sovereign epoch, the Habsburg household was possibly the best illustration of this theory. After the licking of the Hungarians at the conflict of Mohacs, the Habsburg household had established their domain of power in cardinal Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, the Mediterranean, South Italy, and America. During the absolute sovereign epoch, Louis XIV was the best illustration of # 8220 ; cosmopolitan monarchy # 8221 ; . His end was to do France the strongest state in Europe and push Gallic boundary lines eastward to the Rhine, annexing the Spanish Netherlands and France-Comte which involved the farther taking apart of the Holy Roman Empire. The chief difference between these two universal monarchies was the manner in which they were controlled. During the earlier monarchies, # 8220 ; cosmopolitan monarchy # 8221 ; was checked by assorted dynastic and spiritual wars between states. For illustration, the wars between Muscovy and Poland kept each state in balance. If there was a stronger state, it would have the ruling power. During the seventeenth century, nevertheless, there came to be a system of balance of power through confederations. The intent of this balance of power was non to continue peace, but to continue the sovereignty and independency of the provinces of Europe against possible attackers. The basic regulation was to ally against any province baleful domination. The weaker states would seek confederation with the other weaker provinces. They would therefore make a balance or counterbalance against the province whose dominance they feared. Overall, the ends of the monarchies remained chiefly the same but as the societal and political conditions changed and sovereigns learned from past experience, the methods of achieving these ends became rather different. In add-on, sovereigns were viewed rather otherwise between the two clip periods which besides attains to the differences in method. However, it can be seen that the # 8220 ; New Monarchs # 8221 ; had great influence on the constitution of ideals and policies in the subsequent epoch # 8220 ; Absolute Monarchs # 8221 ; .

What Makes a Man free essay sample

Martin Luther King Jr. once said â€Å"The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at time of challenge and controversy.† Any man can succeed when no adversity is present, but only the best can make it through the tough times. It takes a real man to carry all his troubles on his back and still persevere to the finish line, and I have done just that. I’ve faced 17 years of trials and tribulations, ups and downs, and devastating moments that will affect me for the rest of my life. Even though I’ve been tested and stopped along the way, I fully intend on finishing this race. From the very beginning of my life, all I can remember is bad things always happening to me. I was bullied at school, I didn’t have many friends, and my parents would constantly fight around the house. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes a Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One night my mom and dad had gone at it hard and I crawled into my bed crying. I woke up in the middle of the night after I heard a noise, and opened the door to my parent’s bedroom where I saw my father trembling with blood spewing out of his mouth, and my mother crying in panic; he had a seizure in his sleep. This was the night my father was diagnosed with brain cancer; I was 5 years old. I witnessed plenty more disturbing images like this for the next 2 years of my father’s fight against cancer until he died on October 14, 2002. I was never the same from this day on. I had been exposed to the evils of this cruel world and lost that childhood innocence that all parents expect their children to have. Years went by as if they were days, and before I noticed it, my childhood was gone. I had to learn how to play sports, make friends, and defend myself in this cold world without the one person who could have helped me out the most: my father. He told me a story before he died about two mice who got stuck in a bucket of cream; one quickly gave up and drowned, while the other struggled so hard he eventually churned the cream into butter and crawled out. After my father’s death, I felt like I was trapped in a bucket of cream like those mice; but after years of struggling and fighting to get out, I too escaped. Life is no walk in the park. It constantly challenges you day in and day out exhausting you to the point where you want to give up. I refused to give up. I fought through the pain, worked hard in school, tried my best on the field, and bettered myself as a student, athlete, and person to make my father proud. In my short span of life so far, I can say that I truly am a man.

Hiking Trip Essay Sample

Hiking Trip Essay SampleA hiking trip essay sample is very important to include in your college application as it will demonstrate that you have already developed a sense of writing and are familiar with what writing is all about. Writing an essay should be interesting, interesting essays are a great thing to have. Hiking trip essays are often on top of the list for college applicants when they are written, so if you can write an interesting essay about what you do on a hiking trip, it will show them that you already have the skills needed to be a writer.The best way to write a hiking trip essay is to begin with some background information about what you are planning to do on the trip. You should be able to outline the major points of your adventure before you even start writing the essay.One of the best possible essay topics for a hiking trip is one that highlights the rewards of traveling. These kinds of essay topics are easy to create because they can deal with subjects like trave ling, exploring new areas, or experiencing another culture. Another option is to write an essay about something that the reader has to do, which means that you are writing about something that the reader can enjoy while reading.When writing an essay about travel, you need to choose one or two main themes to work with. Some of the themes that can work are traveling for health reasons, traveling for romance, and traveling for children. Themes that can work well with all of these subject areas are also great.You can then begin to write about each of these themes, keeping them together in a logical and interesting way. Themes that deal with adventure and curiosity are always a great choice, since they can bring out the fun in travel and inspire others to learn more about it. For example, if you were learning more about the history of the world and how it has changed through time, you could write an essay about how these events have affected you and the world around you.When it comes to writing essays, the first paragraph of your essay is often one of the most important parts. The first paragraph should show the reader the main theme of your essay, especially if it is a very broad topic that is the focus of your essay. A quick look at your essay sample will help you find the right paragraph to start your essay with.One tip for writing an essay about hiking trips is to prepare a list of questions to ask yourself before writing your essay. Start by writing down questions that you would want to ask yourself, and then write down the answers to these questions. Use these questions to help guide your writing.Before writing your essay, take a moment to find out more about the types of essays that are accepted to college by using one of the free essay samples offered online. Then, use this information to help guide you through your essay creation process. Good luck!

Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder Essays

Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder Essays Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder Paper Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder Paper Hamlet then turns his fury back on by talking to himself and showing that if he were not a coward, Claudius would be dead, ere this/ I should ha fatted all the region kites/ With this slaves offal refering to kites as vultures picking off dead bodies (of claudius? ) and he then explains: Why, what an ass i am! This is most brave/ That i, the son of a dear father murdered, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell/ must like a whore unpack my heart with words/And fall a-cursing like a very drab. Hamlet here explains that he lines of the speech performed by the Player were just actions performed without soul, like a whore and that Pyrrhus was destined to kill Priam, and he chose to fill his destiny by matching his fury and causing bloodshed. Shakespeare explains through Hamlet that intensifications are what fantasy craves when it becomes a substitute for the life of the heart. During the play, we find that Hamlet has been given a different voice when his brain thinks about a situation, because his speech becomes clearer and more direct, where when his heart speaks, we find that he spews out his feelings of sadness. An example of his more direct speech comes in when he plans a play to be acted out to Claudius: I have heard/ That guilty creatures sitting at a play Ill have these players/ Play something like the murder of my father/ Before mine uncle / I know my course. In doing this, he hopes to expose Claudius by force. Schlegel argued that Hamlet passes from religious confidence to sceptical doubts, where Hamlet is keep to avenge his Father, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, where in his soliloquy in act 2 shows that he is not so sure: The spirit that i have seen/ May be a devil, and the devil hath power/ Tassume a pleasing shape, yea, and perhaps/ Out of my weakness and my melancholy/ As he is very potent with such spirits/ Abuses me to damn me. Sir Thomas Browne suggested from this that apparitions and ghosts of departed persons are not souls, but walks of devils which prompt us into devilism and stray us from the path of God, where Hamlet is demanded by the Ghost to Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder and revenge is forbidden to Christians (Where Hamlet is a Christian prince). Hamlets job was to make sure that Claudius was guilty, so that his reason for revenge could remain neutral. The debate in which he found himself stuck in was that Death is the punishment/relief of God, and if he was to murder Claudius, he would be putting himself in Gods place, i. e blaspheming. Hamlet questioned if assassination was the only way of punishing in practice? Shakespeare gives Hamlet an alternative plan, based on his religious view that murderers proclaimed their malefactions, and proclaim meaning to state publicly, which would ultimately dethrone Claudius and save Hamlet from damnation. However, this plan would fail the final request from the Ghost and would oppose his fury. Shakespeare didnt let Hamlet follow his own mind because the play would fail as a tragedy. In conclusion, Hamlets soliloquys are significant because he, being the main character, has time to explore and share his deepest emotions, ultimately showing how the play is a tragedy, and ideas such as religion within Hamlets mind when making decisions such as whether to murder Claudius or not, and lastly his soliloquys show how he consults his heart and his mind, showing his self-discipline and power which in the end makes Hamlet a hero. Bibliography: * Hamlet William Shakespeare Heinemann Advanced Shakespeare, 1996 * Shakespearian Tragedy John Drakakis Longman Critical readers, 1992 * The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark William Shakespeare Penguin Books, 2002 * York notes on Hamlet Longman Critical Guides, 1980 * Schlegel www. wikipedia. com, Shakespeare and Tragedy * Sir Thomas Browne www. wikipedia. com, Ghosts and apparitions in literature.

Ask An Editor Why Are Textbooks So Bloody Expensive

Ask An Editor Why Are Textbooks So Bloody Expensive Ask an Editor: How are textbooks made and why are they so damn expensive? Karrin Marie Varucene is a Reedsy editor with seven years of editorial experience, including development editing, copy editing, and proofreading. She gained her editorial start in educational publishing and has since groomed her skills with creative nonfiction manuscripts and digital content marketing.I don’t think anyone ever wakes up one day and thinks, â€Å"I’d like to be an editor of college textbooks.† I certainly didn’t when I decided to pursue a career in publishing. I loved reading, I loved writing, I enjoyed the process of revision - of making something good, better. I envisioned working with famous authors on future bestsellers.It was quite by accident that I stumbled into educational publishing, but with a B.A. in English and having just returned from a year teaching English abroad in China, I found it to be a logical and worthy fit.Despite having used textbooks throughout their education, most people know very little about the textbook busine ss. So here are answers to questions I’m often asked about my work.Where does the idea for a textbook come from?Acquiring a first-edition textbook usually happens one of two ways:1) The author seeks out the publisher, often contacting the Acquisition Editor with a book proposal and sample manuscript. The proposal would, of course, include a summary of the book's content, the course for which it is intended, a list of competing textbooks, and what would make this book different from similar ones on the market (and therefore worth publishing).2) The Acquisition Editor identifies the need for a particular book for a particular course. S/he will go to educational conferences and search for well-established instructors who would be a good fit, based on professional experience, for writing that book.How do you decide what goes into textbooks?While these are certainly primary contributors to the rising cost of textbooks, I would add to this two additional factors:1) Permission to us e the additional materials included to engage students and appeal to a variety of learning styles - anything beyond the text originated by author or Development Editor - will cost the publisher or author. These costs have risen steeply over the years as publishers have to request not only print rights but also now electronic rights for e-book versions of the texts. Those who hold the rights to those materials have watched textbook prices soar and therefore want a larger share of the growing profit pie (see self-perpetuating cycle above).2) Let’s not forget a school’s bookstore, which often adds a hefty markup on top of an already significant list price to turn a profit of its own. Why are textbooks getting more expensive? An academic editor answers that question, and more! So yes, textbooks are expensive. But they also help shape a student’s future, whether teaching him to write a logical, coherent, grammatically correct essay or teaching her the fundamentals of psychology, which may lead her to pursue a career in child psychology. And knowing that I have a hand in shaping those futures? Well, that feels pretty good.What other burning questions would you like to ask an Academic Editor? Drop them in the comments box below and Karrin will do her best to answer them!

Conduct a Search for Potential Research Sources Paper

Conduct a Search for Potential Sources - Research Paper Example Baby Boomers in the Middle: Analysis of Social Supports Among African-American Caregivers (Gadling, 2010), attempted to answer the critical question whether the caregiver burden is a predictor of social supports for African-American baby boomers. According to the researcher, many baby boomers are in the ‘middle’, which means that they are caught in between their young children and their aging parents because of the commitments and responsibilities that they have towards both these groups. Due to these care-giving obligations, they are not able to focus on their own needs. The research focused on the African American community to find out if the caregiver burden were high because of the low level of social support. The researcher conducted a thorough review of literature where the concepts of care giving care giving stress and the peculiar case of African American caregivers was highlighted. The research methodology was to conduct personal interviews to a group that had f our specific groups belonging to the age group of 45-55, the African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites, Latinos/Hispanics and Asian Americans. The theme of the research was around four key variables like social support, caregiver burden, quality of life and family obligation. Even though these variables provide an overall picture, it would have been better to include variables that specifically stand out for the African American community, rather than including it in the broad variable of quality of life. In addition, as the answers to the survey were collated through the process of interview. However, the questions were strictly close ended, just like in a survey. If some open ended questions were also included, it could have provided an added advantage of some qualitative results too (Creswell, 2007). The research concluded that family obligations, caregiver burden and quality of living as composite variables were not predictors of social support among African-American baby boomers. Social support had an intense effect on the caregiver; hence, social support can have a very high impact on the caregiver. Overall, the research was very elaborate and was carried under ethical considerations. In the research Baby Boomers' Needs and Preferences for Retirement Housing: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Elridge explores the options that Baby Boomers have in retirement housing and tries to understand their requirements. Through a qualitative approach, the researcher has a goal to understand the specific housing requirements of baby boomers with regards to the retirement housing configuration. The research also identifies an additional issue of a huge population approaching the retiring age and hence, adequate housing options are increasingly important. The researcher carried out the research through the Qualitative phenomenological Q-sort method, which is a study individualizing subjectivity as a part of the observation of a phenomenon. This is a very interesting m ethod of research because phenomenology as providing information based on lived experiences. Hence, this method would be able to add the element of subjectivity in the research. However, the researcher has conducted the research with only a very limited sample of 20 respondents. The assumption in the research is

Party discipline and Canadian Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Party discipline and Canadian Democracy - Essay Example The Canadian government has a bicameral legislature form. The parliament is composed of The Senate (the Upper House) and The House of Commons or (the Lower House). The Senate represents the different regions, territories and provinces of Canada. The Upper House consists of 105 members also known as Senators. The House of Commons is composed of the representatives elected by the population. The House of Commons consists of 308 members. For formation of any law the bill need to be passed by the two legislative chambers.  Ã‚  Party DisciplineThe party discipline in Canada is the influencing ability of the parliament group to gets its political party members to support the policies and philosophy of their party leadership. It is the controlling power that the party leader has over the legislature. Party discipline is vital for the overall working of the system of the government that permits holding of political power by the parties. It has the ability to establish government infrastruc ture that is affected by lawful political process (Kilgour, â€Å"Discipline versus Democracy: Party Discipline in Canadian Politics†).Few of the major current political parties present in the House of Commons are Conservative Party of Canada (founded in 2003), Liberal Party of Canada, New Democratic Party and Bloc Quebecois. Strong party discipline is present in certain countries like UK, Canada, New Zealand, and many more. The legislature power is more in such countries which can even collapse the government by voting against the government.

The Psychology Of Team Sports

The Psychology Of Team Sports Hardy and Grace, (1997) outlined the importance of team building research in sport when they suggested whether a team is successful or not is frequently attributed to the effectiveness of their teamwork. To develop the effective team many team building programs attempt to increase cohesion amongst a group as team cohesion can affect performance (Eys et al, 2005). Different areas of group dynamics can be used to increase team cohesion, this section of the report will focus on the research conducted on leadership, role ambiguity and goal setting. Leadership is an important component for developing cohesion in sports teams (Carron et al, 2005). It has been suggested that effective leadership is a vital contributor to member satisfaction (Reimer Chellandurai, 1995). Leadership behaviours and styles adopted can have a big impact on team cohesion and subsequent performance. (Carron et al. 2005) An early study, investigating the relationship between (the coaches) leadership behaviours and team cohesion within sports teams, found adopting a democratic style produced higher levels of task cohesion (Lee et al. 1993). In addition, a variety of studies reported that an increase in social support behaviour increased task cohesion (Lee et al. 1993, Westre Weiss, 1991; Riemar Chellandurai, 1995). One study, Riemar Chellandurai, (1995) went further and examined the leadership behaviours preferred and perceived by players depending on their position. They found defensive athletes perceived and preferred higher levels of social support and democratic and autocratic styles then the offensive athletes. They also found member satisfaction was greatly influenced by social support. More recent research has tended to focus on the role of the athlete as a leader within the team, for example, the captain. Research has suggested athlete leaders are in fact better than coaches at administering leadership behaviours, such as; a democratic decision making style and social support (Loughead and Hardy, 2005). Whats more, further research has been conducted to assess different types of athlete leadership. For example, Loughead et al, (2006) discovered two types of leader within a sports team; a team captain and a peer leader (supplies leadership to at least 2 team members). In addition, Eys et al, (2007) investigated how 218 athletes perceived the athlete leader distributions within their sports teams. Their results suggest that members of a team are more satisfied when 3 leadership roles (social, task, external) are performed to the same extent regardless of how many are leaders present within the team. Carron et al, (2005) identified individual clarification of role responsibilities to be one of the most important factors in sport. The vast majority of research on role states in team sports has been on role ambiguity (role clarity) and its relation to performance using the conceptual model proposed by Beauchamp et al, (2002). The effect role ambiguity had on both task cohesion and task self efficacy was investigated by Eys Carron (2001). They concluded that members within basketball teams who were unsure of their role responsibilities, reported lower levels of attraction towards the team and felt their team was less unified in their task approach. Another study, Eys et al, (2003) demonstrated that team members perceptions of role ambiguity decreased throughout a competitive season. Additionally, although perceptions of role ambiguity are individual, members of a team could share the same beliefs. Finally, new editions to the team are more likely to perceive role ambiguity compared to experienced members of the team at the start of the season. Nevertheless, as the authors suggested, the results of this study will be difficult to apply to other team sport settings (e.g age group, competitive standards) as it was undertaken on a homogeneous population (Eys et al, 2003). It has also been reported that greater role ambiguity and role clarity could affect an athletes self efficacy, satisfaction and performance. These factors could not only affect the individual but the team as a whole (Forsyth, 1999). Beauchamp Bray (2001) investigated university athletes perceptions of role ambiguity and role conflict among their respective sports teams. Results demonstrated that members who perceived greater levels of role ambiguity and conflict had lower levels of efficacy and were less inclined to perform their role responsibilities. This is concurrent with Bandura, (1997) who suggested a decrease in persistence and effort will occur if the athlete is unclear of their role. The associated performance is also likely to suffer (Bandura, 1997) as indicated by Beauchamp et al, (2002) who found a negative relationship between role efficacy and role performance. Additionally, the relationship between leadership and role ambiguity could prove further understanding of thi s subject (Eys et al, 2003). The more detailed, specific and challenging yet realistic a goal is the more effective it will be (Gould, 1993). However, research found team members often set themselves unclear and generally descriptive goals (Brawley et al, 1992). In addition, when Dawson et al, (2002) interviewed varsity athletes to determine their goal setting habits, they found team members set personal goals and their respective teams had group goals. Research has indicated that team as opposed to individual goals are better for improving team sport performance (Johnson et al, 1997). The authors demonstrated how subjects who set team goals improved their bowling performance in cricket, yet subjects who set personal goals did not. The addition of team goals to a group has proven successful in the past. Lee (1988) found that adding team goals to female hockey teams had a positive effect on team performance. This was concurrent with Senecal et als, (2008) study of female basketball players. Over a season long intervention, they found team cohesion significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control groups when they utilised team goal setting. Furthermore, Mellalieu et al. (2006) found a goal setting program with professional rugby players to have a positive impact on performance. It has been suggested that goal setting can enhance team cohesion by providing a team focus (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997). Focusing on one goal can improve group communication, commitment and satisfaction, improving group cohesion and subsequent performance (Carron Spink, 1993) Nevertheless, there have not been many studies carried out in sport that have investigated the effect of team goals on team performance (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997), with the majority of studies conducted outside of the sport setting (Weingart, 1992). Team building intervention A team goal setting program was chosen as the intervention topic to improve team cohesion (see appendix a). Early research from Widemeyer et al, (1992), as cited in Widemeyer Ducharme (1997) found athletes felt having a team goal was the most significant contributor to task cohesion from a choice of 35 variables. More recently, Stevens Bloom (2003) found team goals to be the most effective topic to utilise in a team building intervention. The following team building intervention applied principles from Eys et al, (2006) in Senecal et al. (2008), Widemeyer Ducharme, (1997) and Widemyer McGuire, (1996) in Carron et al, (2005). Step 1: Developing Long term goals Firstly, the athletes and coaches will work together to decide the long term goal of the team (Kyllo Landers, 1995) for example, achieve a top 3 position in the league. This will take place during an all day workshop during the first week of pre season. The athletes will work in small sub groups of 3-4 and discuss long team goals for the team (Eys et al, 2005). Once the sub groups have decided a long term goal, the coach will write the goals on the white board and the team will discuss together (Dale Wrisberg, 1996), narrowing down to one specific and measurable goal (Gould, 1993). The Long term goal will then be posted in the changing rooms for the remainder of the season, to help motivate the athletes (Weldon Weingart, 1988). Step 2: developing short term outcome goals To achieve the long term goal, specific and measurable (Carron et al, 2005) short term goals will be set as stepping stones (Kingston Hardy, 1997), for example, win the next 3 out of 5 games. To decide the goals, the coach will remind the players of last seasons statistics (eg. Wins, losses, league position) (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997). After the long term goals are decided, the players will use these statistics and repeat the same procedure as in step 1 by getting into subgroups (Eys et al, 2005). Once discussed, 5-6 specific and achievable short term outcome goals will be decided (Widemeyer Mcguire, 1996) Step 3: Developing short term performance goals In addition, the players will set performance goals during a second all day workshop, 2 weeks into the pre season. The use of multiple goal setting strategies has been shown to be more beneficial to performance (Filby et al, 1999). For this intervention, the players will only be working towards team goals as previous research has suggested team goals are better for improving team performance (Johnson et al, 1997) and that individually hidden goals have no significant impact on performance (Kyllo Landers, 1995). The performance goals will be decided through the use of performance profiling (Dale Wrisberg, 1996). This will be a group profile for the team as a whole. Firstly, the players will discuss what characteristics they believe a successful football team has. The players will express their opinions to the coach while they write them down onto a white board. The characteristics will need to be specific, so if there too general they will be re-evaluated until clearer. When the athletes and coach are happy that at least ten appropriate characteristics are on the white board, the players will individually and anonymously write all the characteristics off the white board on to paper. Examples of characteristics could be; putting 100% effort into every training session and game, winning over 80% of their aerial battles. The players will then proceed to evaluate their teams characteristics between a scale of 1-10, with 1 being weak and 10 being strong. Once completed, each characteristic will be calculated as a mean. The lowest mean scores will be the areas developed into performance goals that the team will aim to achieve. Additionally, the coach will use the same procedure to demonstrate their perceptions of the team. At the next group meeting the team will discuss the results (lowest scores) and agree on 5-6 performance goals to improve their perceived weaknesses (Dale Wrisberg, 1996). When the specific performances goals are established, the team needs to decide realistic yet challenging target levels for these goals (eg. more than 5 shots on target per game) (Carron et al, 2005). To make sure their realistic and challenging the coach will again provide the athletes with statistics from last season (eg. shots on goal, tackles won). The sub group procedure used in step 1 and 2 will be utilized to achieve this (Eys et al, 2005). After negotiations the team will conclude the appropriate targets for their team. This process will be repeated during the middle and the end point of the competitive calendar (Dale Wrisberg, 1996) so that the performance goals can be updated throughout the season Step 4: Monitoring and evaluation of short and long term goals The Long and short term goals will be continually monitored throughout the intervention. Prior to every match and practice session (1 of each per week) throughout the pre and competitive season the team will be reminded of the goals they set for themselves in attempt to provide a focus for the team and help motivate the players (Weldon Weingart, 1988). To do this team goals will be written on the white board in the changing rooms, the coach will then highlight the importance of these goals during their team talk. In addition, after each match team statistics (eg. goals scored and corners won in that game) and the statistics for the agreed performance indices will be posted in the changing rooms. The team members can then look at the statistics and measure their progress towards their target levels. Step 5: Updating team goals After every 3-5 games, the coach and players will work with the intervention specialist on evaluating and possibly updating the team goals if needed, eg. Removing or adding performance goals and changing the target level (Senecal et al, 2008). This will be achieved using their performance statistics from the previous 3-5 games and the characteristics of their next 3-5 opponents (Widemeyer McGuire, 1996). Again, the procedure demonstrated in step 1 will be used to administer the changes. Stage 6: Praise continued progress toward team goals During the intervention the coach will continually openly praise his team when they do well and progress toward their team goals, feedback on goal progress may enhance the use of team goals (Widemeyer Ducharme, 1997). Step 7: post intervention check. 1 week after the intervention was completed; A 5 question, post intervention questionnaire (Stevens Bloom, 2002) was completed by every player to assess the effectiveness of the intervention (Senecal et al, 2008). In addition, 1 and 3 months after the intervention is completed interviews will be conducted with each player (Stevens Bloom, 2003). Players will be instructed to relax and openly discuss their opinions of the TBIs effectiveness. Critical analysis of team building interventions in sport Team building interventions are designed to improve group performance by increasing group cohesiveness (Carron et al, 1997). However previous studies have produced mixed results on the effectiveness of team building interventions (TBI) on improving cohesion. Some were effective (Voight Callaghan, 2001; Senecal et al, 2008; McClure Foster 1991; Mellalieu et al, 2006) and some were unsuccessful (Prapavessis et al, 1996; Cogan Petrie, 1996; Stevens Bloom, 2002). One study, Steven Bloom (2003) found their TBI to be effective during the pre season but not throughout the competitive season. Nevertheless, Brawley Paskevich (1997) have highlighted many methodological concerns with the research conducted using team building interventions. For example, the pre-test, post-test experimental design employed by various TBI (Voight Callaghan 2001: Senecal et al, 2008; Prapevessis et al, 1996; Stevens Bloom, 2002; Mellalieu et al, 2006) makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Although three of these studies were effective (Voight Callaghan 2001: Senecal et al, 2008; Mellalieu et al, 2006), due to the absence of measures throughout the competitive season, although likely it makes it difficult to determine whether or not it was the TBI that improved performance or outside interference, questioning the validity of their results. For example, Brawley Paskevich, (1997) suggested leadership change; a less competitive calendar or the loss of an unsettling member could have all influenced team cohesion independent of the TBI. Some studies that employed a quasi experimental design (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Stevens Bloom, 2003) reported their TBI to be ineffective at improving team cohesion. The design could be the reason for their lack of significant results. A quasi experimental design rarely includes random assignment making it difficult to determine whether factors such as differences in coaching style and team atmosphere affected the results (Stevens Bloom, 2003). Randomly assigning members to different teams, allows experimenters to observe which treatment of the TBI infers change (Brawley Paskevich, 1997). One study employed an experimental design (Mclure Foster, 1991). The results of their study suggested their intervention was effective at increasing cohesion among gymnasts. The positive results of their study could be attributed to the experimental design as this method includes random assignment. Therefore they were able to notice a difference in cohesion amongst randomly assigned athletes with out interference from some of the problems mentioned above. Furthermore, some studies did not utilise a control group, one was effective at improving cohesion (Voight Callaghan 2001) another was ineffective (Bloom Stevens 2002). The absence of a control group however, questions the validity of Voight Callaghans (2001) results. As suggested by Brawley Paskevich, (1997) it is difficult to establish whether their TBI was actually the cause for the improvement in performance as there were no control or placebo groups to compare the results to. In addition, as Stevens Bloom (2002) did not include a control group, whether or not cohesion levels would have decreased over the season and therefore whether or not the intervention was helpful to the team is unclear. Additionally, the duration of the TBI is another methodological concern identified by Brawley Paskevich (1997). It has been suggested interventions are fairly slow processes (French Bell, 1984) and at least 1 season of a TBI is needed to produce results of any significance (Brawley Paskevich, 1997). Therefore the results of studies that lasted less than a season (Prapavessis et al, 1996; Mellalieu et al, 2006) may not portray the long-term effects of the intervention. Studies that have lasted at least a season (Senecal et al, 2008; Mclure Foster 1991; Stevens Bloom, 2002; Voight Callaghan, 2001; Stevens Bloom, 2003; Cogan Petrie, 1996) are more likely to provide clearer results. In addition, although the vast majority some of these studies administered post intervention checks (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Senecal et al, 2008; Mellalieu et al, 2006; Stevens Bloom; Voight Callaghan, 2001; Prapevessis et al, 1996; Stevens Bloom, 2002) none of these studies administered any questionn aires 3 or 6 months after the intervention to examine the long term effects of their intervention. Sampling size can be another methodological concern for researches conducting TBIs. Two studies had a very small sample size (Mellalieu et al, 2006: 5 participants; McClure Foster, 1991:15 participants. Some studies have only used a slightly larger sized sample consisting of no more than 45 participants (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Voight Callaghan, 2001; Stevens Bloom, 2003; Stevens Bloom, 2002). Only 2 studies have used relatively large sample sizes: Senecal et al, (2008); (n=86) Prappevessis et al, (1996); (n=137). Nevertheless, all studies have reported sufficient details such as gender, age, sport and team ability (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Voight Callaghan, 2001; Stevens Bloom, 2003; Stevens Bloom, 2002; McClure Foster, 1991; Mellalieu et al, 2006; Senecal et al, 2008; Prapavessis et al, 1996) However, some of the characteristics reported in the studies can be vague. Many studies have failed to state appropriate details, such as race (Voight Callaghan, 2001; Prapevessis et al, 199 6; Senecal et al, 2008; McClure Foster, 1991; Stevens Bloom, 2002; Mellalieu et al, 2006). Furthermore, the majority of studies also seem to be generalized to similar populations. For example, the majority of studies were conducted on females (Voight Callaghan, 2001; Senecal et al, 2008; McClure Foster, 1991; Cogan Petrie, 1996; Steven Bloom, 2003; Stevens Bloom, 2002), on ages ranging between 18-24 (Voight Callaghan, 2001; McClure Foster, 1991; Cogan Petrie, 1996; Steven Bloom, 2003; Mellalieu et al, 2006) and on high school or university teams (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Steven Bloom, 2003; McClure Foster, 1991; Senecal et al, 2008). In addition, the studies that indicated the race of the subjects were predominately on Caucasians (Cogan Petrie, 1996; Steven Bloom, 2003). As these studies are on similar populations the generalizability of these interventions is limited. Therefore, the results are difficult to apply to a wide range of sports teams, as member characteristics s uch as age, gender, race and ability can vary greatly per team. Previous studies on sport teams have had the coach/manager as the main facilitator of the intervention, working with the intervention specialist. As a result, Some TBIs have taken a more indirect approach (Prappevessis et al, 1996) or used a combination of indirect and direct models (Steven Bloom, 2003; Cogan Petrie, 1996; Mellalieu et al, 2006). However, Brawley Paskevich (1997) identified indirect models to have weaknesses. The authors explain that coaches/managers may not be capable of undertaking a TBI as they do not have the knowledge, time and commitment to make it successful. On the other hand, direct models have the advantage of often allowing the intervention specialist to work directly with the participants. In addition, the team members become more involved in the decision making process during the intervention. Bloom, (1996), suggested the involvement of the athletes is a key factor in improving team performance. 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